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holy year

  • 1 Holy Year

    Ho.ly Year
    [houli j'iə] n ano santo (jubileu).

    English-Portuguese dictionary > Holy Year

  • 2 Holy Year

    Религия: Святой год

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Holy Year

  • 3 holy year

    Религия: Святой год

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > holy year

  • 4 Holy Year

    Westminster dictionary of theological terms > Holy Year

  • 5 ♦ holy

    ♦ holy /ˈhəʊlɪ/
    a.
    1 santo; sacro; consacrato; benedetto; venerando: (relig.) the Holy Ghost (o Spirit) lo Spirito Santo; (relig.) the Holy Scripture (o Scriptures) le Sacre Scritture
    2 santo; devoto, pio; religioso
    3 (fam.) sacro; vero: Her son is a holy terror, suo figlio è una vera peste (o un bambino pestifero)
    ● (stor.) the Holy Alliance, la Santa Alleanza □ (fam., per esprimere sorpresa, paura, ecc.) holy cow (o smoke, mackerel)!, (giusto o santo) cielo! □ holy day, festa religiosa □ (relig.) Holy Family, Sacra Famiglia □ (relig. cattolica) the Holy Father, il Santo Padre ( il Papa) □ Holy Joe, (fam.) prete; ( anche) bacchettone, bigotto; ( gergo mil.) cappellano militare □ the Holy Land, la Terra Santa □ the holy of holies, il sancta sanctorum ( anche fig.) □ (stor.) the Holy Office, il Sant'Uffizio □ (relig.) the Holy Rood, la Santa Croce □ the Holy See, la Santa Sede □ holy war, guerra santa; crociata □ (relig.) holy water, acqua santa □ (relig.) Holy Week, la settimana santa □ holy Willie, bigotto; santocchio; ipocrita □ Holy Writ, (antiq.) Bibbia, Sacre Scritture; (fig.) Vangelo: You shouldn't take everything he says as Holy Writ, non dovresti prendere per Vangelo (o per oro colato) tutto ciò che dice □ (relig.) holy year, anno santo □ to live a holy life, vivere santamente □ to take holy orders, ricevere gli ordini sacri; farsi prete
    holily
    avv.
    santamente; piamente.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ holy

  • 6 the holy of holies

    святая святых

    Last year, his work was performed for the first time at the Aldeborough Festival, the holy of holies in the contemporary British music scene.

    Англо-русский словарь идиом и фразовых глаголов > the holy of holies

  • 7 Feast of St. Mary (New Year's Day, a holy day of obligation for Roman Catholics, when all the faithful must attend Mass)

    Религия: Праздник Пресвятой Девы Марии

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Feast of St. Mary (New Year's Day, a holy day of obligation for Roman Catholics, when all the faithful must attend Mass)

  • 8 sventa ugnis (In Baltic religion of prechristian times, a holy fire kept in tribal sanctuaries on high hills and riverbanks, where priests guarded it constantly, extinguishing and rekindling it once a year at the midsummer festival)

    Общая лексика: священный огонь

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sventa ugnis (In Baltic religion of prechristian times, a holy fire kept in tribal sanctuaries on high hills and riverbanks, where priests guarded it constantly, extinguishing and rekindling it once a year at the midsummer festival)

  • 9 institute

    'institju:t
    1. noun
    (a society or organization, or the building it uses: There is a lecture at the Philosophical Institute tonight.) instituto

    2. verb
    (to start or establish: When was the Red Cross instituted?) fundar, establecer
    - institutional
    institute n instituto
    tr['ɪnstɪtjʊːt]
    1 (gen) instituto, centro
    2 (professional body) colegio, asociación nombre femenino; (educational) escuela
    1 formal use (organize, establish) instituir, establecer, fundar; (initiate - enquiry) iniciar, empezar; (- proceedings) iniciar, entablar
    institute ['ɪntstə.tu:t, -.tju:t] vt, - tuted ; - tuting
    1) establish: establecer, instituir, fundar
    2) initiate: iniciar, empezar, entablar
    : instituto m
    n.
    instituto s.m.
    v.
    establecer v.
    iniciar v.
    instituir v.

    I 'ɪnstətuːt, 'ɪnstɪtjuːt
    a) \<\<search/inquiry\>\> iniciar; \<\<proceedings/action\>\> entablar, iniciar
    b) ( establish) \<\<rule\>\> instituir*; \<\<service/system\>\> establecer*

    II
    noun instituto m
    ['ɪnstɪtjuːt]
    1.
    N (=research centre) instituto m ; (=professional body) colegio m, asociación f ; (for professional training) escuela f ; (US) (=course) curso m, cursillo m
    2.
    VT (=begin) [+ inquiry] iniciar, empezar; (=found) fundar, instituir; (Jur) [+ proceedings] entablar
    * * *

    I ['ɪnstətuːt, 'ɪnstɪtjuːt]
    a) \<\<search/inquiry\>\> iniciar; \<\<proceedings/action\>\> entablar, iniciar
    b) ( establish) \<\<rule\>\> instituir*; \<\<service/system\>\> establecer*

    II
    noun instituto m

    English-spanish dictionary > institute

  • 10 Святой Год

     ♦ ( ENG Holy Year)
       год, в к-рый папа жалует особую полную индульгенцию тем, кто совершает паломничество в Рим в соответствии с определенными условиями.

    Westminster dictionary of theological terms > Святой Год

  • 11 one

    {wʌn}
    I. 1. един, първи
    ONE hundred сто
    book/chapter ONE книга/глава първа
    ONE or two people един-двама души
    ONE man in a thousand един на хиляда души, много малко хора
    that's ONE way of doing it това e един начин да го направиш, и така може да го направиш
    2. само един, единствен
    it's the ONE thing I didn't want you to do именно/точно това не исках да направиш
    their ONE and only son единственият им син
    no ONE man could do it никой не би могъл да го направи сам, това не е работа за сам човек
    3. един, единен, еднакъв, един и същ
    he and I are ONE ние с него сме единодушии
    I am ONE with you на вашето мнение съм
    to remain forever ONE оставам си все същият
    it's all ONE (to me) разг. все едно (ми) е
    4. един, някой
    ONE day един/някой ден
    II. 1. числото едно, единица
    in the year ONE npeн. много отдавна, во време оно
    2. замества вече споменато същ., означава отделен предмет, човек
    which ONE do you prefer? кого/коя/кое предпочитате? they arrived in ONEs and twos точеха се по един, по двама
    ONE and all всички до един
    3. ам. Банкнота от един долар
    to be at ONE with someone единодушии сме с някого
    I fetched/landed/gave him ONE лепнах му една плесница
    I for ONE колкото до мен
    to be ONE up on someone имам предимство пред някого
    III. 1. demomstr, indef един, някой (си), човек
    this/that ONE този/онзи
    any ONE of us кой да е от нас
    ONE another взаимно, един друг
    many a ONE много хора
    his dear ONEs близките му
    to ONE in his position за човек с неговото положение
    ONE Mr Smith някой си господин Смит
    I am not ONE to не съм човек, който би, не ми е по нрава да
    I'm not much of a ONE for sweets не съм твърде по сладкишите
    2. impers човек
    ONE cannot help doing it човек не може да не го направи
    3. в pass case си, свой
    to give ONE's opinion казвам си мнението
    the Evil ONE сатаната
    the Holy O., the ONE above бог
    ONE with another общо взето, средно. едно на друго
    * * *
    {w^n} а 1. един; първи; one hundred сто; book/chapter one книга/глава(2) {w^n} n 1. числото едно, единица; in the year one npeн. много о{3} {w^n} pron 1. demomstr, indef един, някой (си); човек; this/t
    * * *
    първи; единствен; еднакъв; единен;
    * * *
    1. any one of us кой да е от нас 2. book/chapter one книга/глава първа 3. he and i are one ние с него сме единодушии 4. his dear ones близките му 5. i am not one to не съм човек, който би, не ми е по нрава да 6. i am one with you на вашето мнение съм 7. i fetched/landed/gave him one лепнах му една плесница 8. i for one колкото до мен 9. i'm not much of a one for sweets не съм твърде по сладкишите 10. i. един, първи 11. ii. числото едно, единица 12. iii. demomstr, indef един, някой (си), човек 13. impers човек 14. in the year one npeн. много отдавна, во време оно 15. it's all one (to me) разг. все едно (ми) е 16. it's the one thing i didn't want you to do именно/точно това не исках да направиш 17. many a one много хора 18. no one man could do it никой не би могъл да го направи сам, това не е работа за сам човек 19. one and all всички до един 20. one another взаимно, един друг 21. one cannot help doing it човек не може да не го направи 22. one day един/някой ден 23. one hundred сто 24. one man in a thousand един на хиляда души, много малко хора 25. one mr smith някой си господин Смит 26. one or two people един-двама души 27. one with another общо взето, средно. едно на друго 28. that's one way of doing it това e един начин да го направиш, и така може да го направиш 29. the evil one сатаната 30. the holy o., the one above бог 31. their one and only son единственият им син 32. this/that one този/онзи 33. to be at one with someone единодушии сме с някого 34. to be one up on someone имам предимство пред някого 35. to give one's opinion казвам си мнението 36. to one in his position за човек с неговото положение 37. to remain forever one оставам си все същият 38. which one do you prefer? кого/коя/кое предпочитате? they arrived in ones and twos точеха се по един, по двама 39. ам. Банкнота от един долар 40. в pass case си, свой 41. един, единен, еднакъв, един и същ 42. един, някой 43. замества вече споменато същ., означава отделен предмет, човек 44. само един, единствен
    * * *
    one[wʌn] I. num adj 1. един; първи; \one thousand \one hundred хиляда и сто; \one man \one vote равенство в изборите; \one day you' ll be sorry един ден ще съжаляваш; for \one thing на първо място, между другото (сред другите причини); to be ( get) \one up on s.o. имам (печеля) преднина пред някого, в по-изгодна позиция съм; to put ( get) \one over on s.o. печеля пред, изпреварвам някого, излизам напред пред някого; 2. само един, единствен; \one and only един единствен; \one girl in a million неповторимо момиче, като нея втора няма; 3. един, единен; еднакъв, един и същ; in \one voice, as \one man като един, всички едновременно; \one and the same същ, един и същ; to remain for ever \one оставам си все същия; it's all \one разг. все едно е; to become \one сливам се; to be made \one оженвам се; 4. един, някой; \one day някой (един) ден; 5. един (за разлика от друг); \one man's meat is another man's poison човек с човека не си прилича, във вкуса приятелство няма; II. n 1. числото 1 (едно), единица; number \one (номер) едно; нар. "моето Аз", самия себе си; нар. малка нужда; to look after ( take care of) number \one гледам се, тегля чергата към себе си; гледам първо собствените си интереси; in the year \one много отдавна, по време оно; 2. (замества вече споменатото съществително; означава отделен предмет или човек); he's the \one I mean него имам предвид; which \one do you prefer? кого (коя, кое) предпочитате? goods sold in \ones стоки, които се продават на парче (единично); to be at \one with s.o. единодушни сме, в съгласие съм с някого; I fetched ( landed, gave) him \one ( on the nose) фраснах му един (по носа); a quick \one една (чаша вино и под.) на бърза ръка; \one and six един шилинг и шест пенса; I for \one... колкото до мене...; \one and all всички до един; \one another взаимно, едни други; \one with another общо взето, средно, едно на друго; III. demonstr, indef pron 1. един, някой (си) (и any\one, some\one, no\one); човек; this ( that) \one този (онзи); any \one of us кой да е от нас; never a \one никой; нищо, нито един; many a \one много хора; little ( dear) \ones малките (близките); the Evil O. дяволът; the Holy O., the O. above Господ; \one Mr Smith някой си господин Смит; I am not \one to... не съм човек, който би...; не ми е по нрава да...; I'm not much of a \one for sweets не съм твърде по сладките; 2. impers pron човек; \one cannot help doing it човек не може да не го направи; 3. в poss case си, свой; to give \one's opinion давам си мнението.

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > one

  • 12 see

    {si:}
    I. 1. виждам
    there is nothing to he SEEn нищо не се вижда
    I can't SEE my way не виждам пътя/къде вървя
    I can't SEE to read не мога да чета, защото не виждам
    SEEing is believing да видиш значи да повярваш
    to SEE things имам халюцинации, привиждат ми се разни неща
    to SEE stars виждам заезди по пладне
    things SEEn реални/действителни неща
    to SEE someone fall (ing) виждам някого да/как пада
    he was SEEn to fall видяха го да/как пада
    SEE you (later), (I'll) be SEEing you довиждане
    to SEE visions виждам в бъдещето, пророкувам
    2. гледам (пиеса и пр.), разглеждам (град и пр.)
    there is nothing to SEE няма нищо за гледане
    3. преглеждам (вестник, болен, къща и пр.)
    4. виждам, срещам (се с), посещавам, приемам
    come and SEE us елате у нас, елате ни на гости
    to SEE a doctor/lawyer съветвам се с лекар/адвокат
    the president does not SEE anyone today председателят не приема никого днес
    5. погрижвам се, внимавам, гледам, проверявам, виждам
    SEE that it is done погрижи се да се направи
    SEE you don't lose it гледай/внимавай да не го изгубиш
    to SEE for oneself сам проверявам/виждам
    to SEE someone right погрижвам се за някого, погрижвам се някой да бъде правилно възнаграден и пр
    6. виждам, схващам, разбирам, гледам на, научавам се, узнавам (от вестник и пр.)
    as far as I can SEE доколкото разбирам
    to SEE an argument/the point разбирам довод/за какво се отнася
    I SEE things differently другояче гледам на нещата
    I can't SEE my way (clear) to do (ing) that не виждам как бих могъл да направя това
    SEE? раз-бирате ли? I SEE разбирам, да, ясно
    as I SEE it както аз гледам на нещата
    he can't SEE a joke той няма чувство за хумор
    not to SEE the good/use/advantage of doing something не виждам смисъла/ползата да се направи нещо
    you SEE нали разбирате, видите ли (вмъкнато)
    to SEE oneself obliged to виждам се принуден да
    to SEE through a brickwall бързо схващам, сече ми умът
    7. виждам, помислям, размислям
    let me SEE чакай да видя/помисля
    I'll SEE what I can do ще видя/помисля какво мога да направя
    8. изпращам, придружавам
    to SEE someone home/to the door изпращам някого до вкъщи/до вратата
    9. виждам, преживявам, изпитвам
    to have SEEn better/one's best days западнал съм (за човек), износен/овехтял/изтъркан съм (за предмет)
    this coat has SEEn hard wear това палто e много носено/е носено, нoсено
    I have SEEn the day/time when помня времето, когато
    he'll never SEE fifty, etc. again прехвърлил e петдесетте и пр
    he first saw fire at той получи бойно кръщение при
    10. считам, смятам, намирам
    if you SEE fit/proper ако считате за подходящо/редно
    11. представям си, виждам (as като)
    I can't SEE myself doing such a thing не мога да си представя да направя такова нещо
    12. приемам, съгласявам се, позволявам, понасям, готов съм, предпочитам
    I do not SEE myself being made use of не приемам/позволявам да ме използват
    are you going to SEE me treated like that? ще търпиш/позволиш ли да се отнасят така с мен? I would SEE him in prison before I gave him money предпочитам да отиде в затвора, ама няма да му дам пари
    I'll SEE you blowed/damned/dead/further first! как не! това няма да го бъде! върви по дяволите! SEE here! ам. слушай! виж какво! this is a coat I SEE yon in това палто ще ти прилича
    see about погрижвам се за, занимавам се с, проучвам
    see across придружавам при пресичане (на улица)
    see after грижа се/погрижвам се за
    see beyond прен. виждам по-далеч от, предвиждам
    see in посрещам (новата година и пр.)
    see into гледам (в бъдещето и пр.), разглеждам, проучвам, вниквам в
    see of срещам (се с), виждам
    to SEE little of someone рядко се виждам с някого
    we must SEE more of each other трябва по-често да се виждаме
    I haven't SEEn much of him lately рядко го виждам напоследък
    he isn't SEEn much of outside the office рядко го виждат вън от службата
    to SEE the end of виждам края на
    to SEE the back/the last of someone отървавам се от някого
    see off изпращам (на гара и пр.), изгонвам, прогонвам
    to SEE someone off the premises извеждам някого до изхода
    see out придружавам/изпращам до вратата
    I'll SEE myself out сам ще изляза, стоя до края (на), изтрайвам/изкарвам до края (на даден период), надживявам (някого)
    he'll SEE us all out ще ни надживее/погребе всичките
    to SEE the old year out изпращам старата година
    see over/round разглеждам, преглеждам (къща и пр.)
    see through виждам (през), прозирам, разбирам (подбуди и пр.), разбирам преструвките/машинациите на, помагам (някому) в затруднение, издържам/изкарвам докрай/до края на, извеждам на добър край, превеждам през
    see to грижа се/погрижвам се за, занимавам се с
    to SEE to it that погрижвам се да
    II. n епархия
    the Holy/Apostolic S., the SEE of Rome папският престол
    * * *
    {si:} v (saw {sъ:}; seen {si:n}) 1. виждам; there is nothing (2) {si:} n епархия; the Holy/Apostolic S., the S. of Rome папски
    * * *
    съзирам; виждам; разглеждам;
    * * *
    1. 1 представям си, виждам (as като) 2. 1 приемам, съгласявам се, позволявам, понасям, готов съм, предпочитам 3. are you going to see me treated like that? ще търпиш/позволиш ли да се отнасят така с мен? i would see him in prison before i gave him money предпочитам да отиде в затвора, ама няма да му дам пари 4. as far as i can see доколкото разбирам 5. as i see it както аз гледам на нещата 6. come and see us елате у нас, елате ни на гости 7. he can't see a joke той няма чувство за хумор 8. he first saw fire at той получи бойно кръщение при 9. he isn't seen much of outside the office рядко го виждат вън от службата 10. he was seen to fall видяха го да/как пада 11. he'll never see fifty, etc. again прехвърлил e петдесетте и пр 12. he'll see us all out ще ни надживее/погребе всичките 13. i can't see my way (clear) to do (ing) that не виждам как бих могъл да направя това 14. i can't see my way не виждам пътя/къде вървя 15. i can't see myself doing such a thing не мога да си представя да направя такова нещо 16. i can't see to read не мога да чета, защото не виждам 17. i do not see myself being made use of не приемам/позволявам да ме използват 18. i have seen the day/time when помня времето, когато 19. i haven't seen much of him lately рядко го виждам напоследък 20. i see things differently другояче гледам на нещата 21. i'll see myself out сам ще изляза, стоя до края (на), изтрайвам/изкарвам до края (на даден период), надживявам (някого) 22. i'll see what i can do ще видя/помисля какво мога да направя 23. i'll see you blowed/damned/dead/further first! как не! това няма да го бъде! върви по дяволите! see here! ам. слушай! виж какво! this is a coat i see yon in това палто ще ти прилича 24. i. виждам 25. if you see fit/proper ако считате за подходящо/редно 26. ii. n епархия 27. let me see чакай да видя/помисля 28. not to see the good/use/advantage of doing something не виждам смисъла/ползата да се направи нещо 29. see about погрижвам се за, занимавам се с, проучвам 30. see across придружавам при пресичане (на улица) 31. see after грижа се/погрижвам се за 32. see beyond прен. виждам по-далеч от, предвиждам 33. see in посрещам (новата година и пр.) 34. see into гледам (в бъдещето и пр.), разглеждам, проучвам, вниквам в 35. see of срещам (се с), виждам 36. see off изпращам (на гара и пр.), изгонвам, прогонвам 37. see out придружавам/изпращам до вратата 38. see over/round разглеждам, преглеждам (къща и пр.) 39. see that it is done погрижи се да се направи 40. see through виждам (през), прозирам, разбирам (подбуди и пр.), разбирам преструвките/машинациите на, помагам (някому) в затруднение, издържам/изкарвам докрай/до края на, извеждам на добър край, превеждам през 41. see to грижа се/погрижвам се за, занимавам се с 42. see you (later), (i'll) be seeing you довиждане 43. see you don't lose it гледай/внимавай да не го изгубиш 44. see? раз-бирате ли? i see разбирам, да, ясно 45. seeing is believing да видиш значи да повярваш 46. the holy/apostolic s., the see of rome папският престол 47. the president does not see anyone today председателят не приема никого днес 48. there is nothing to he seen нищо не се вижда 49. there is nothing to see няма нищо за гледане 50. things seen реални/действителни неща 51. this coat has seen hard wear това палто e много носено/е носено, нoсено 52. to have seen better/one's best days западнал съм (за човек), износен/овехтял/изтъркан съм (за предмет) 53. to see a doctor/lawyer съветвам се с лекар/адвокат 54. to see an argument/the point разбирам довод/за какво се отнася 55. to see for oneself сам проверявам/виждам 56. to see little of someone рядко се виждам с някого 57. to see oneself obliged to виждам се принуден да 58. to see someone fall (ing) виждам някого да/как пада 59. to see someone home/to the door изпращам някого до вкъщи/до вратата 60. to see someone off the premises извеждам някого до изхода 61. to see someone right погрижвам се за някого, погрижвам се някой да бъде правилно възнаграден и пр 62. to see stars виждам заезди по пладне 63. to see the back/the last of someone отървавам се от някого 64. to see the end of виждам края на 65. to see the old year out изпращам старата година 66. to see things имам халюцинации, привиждат ми се разни неща 67. to see through a brickwall бързо схващам, сече ми умът 68. to see to it that погрижвам се да 69. to see visions виждам в бъдещето, пророкувам 70. we must see more of each other трябва по-често да се виждаме 71. you see нали разбирате, видите ли (вмъкнато) 72. виждам, помислям, размислям 73. виждам, преживявам, изпитвам 74. виждам, срещам (се с), посещавам, приемам 75. виждам, схващам, разбирам, гледам на, научавам се, узнавам (от вестник и пр.) 76. гледам (пиеса и пр.), разглеждам (град и пр.) 77. изпращам, придружавам 78. погрижвам се, внимавам, гледам, проверявам, виждам 79. преглеждам (вестник, болен, къща и пр.) 80. считам, смятам, намирам
    * * *
    see [si:] I. v ( saw[sɔ:]; seen [si:n]) 1. виждам; there is nothing to be \seen нищо не се вижда; nothing could be \seen of him той не се виждаше; he is not fit to be \seen видът му не е за пред хората; what sort of man is he to \see? как изглежда той? I can't \see to read не мога да чета, защото не се вижда; to \see the light раждам се; възниквам; to \see the red light чувствам, че идва опасност; to \see things халюцинирам, привиждат ми се разни неща; to \see snakes ( pink elephants) изпадам в делириум тременс; to \see stars виждам звезди по пладне; things \seen реални, действителни неща; \see you again до скоро виждане; с inf или part: to \see s.o. fall( ing) виждам някого да пада; he was \seen to fall видяха го да (как) пада; 2. гледам (пиеса и пр.); разглеждам (град и пр.); гледам на; I don't \see it in that light не го виждам в такава светлина; 3. преглеждам, разглеждам ( болен, вестник, къща и пр.); 4. виждам, срещам (се с); посещавам; приемам; come and \see us елате у нас (ни) на гости; he must \see a doctor ( his lawyer) той трябва да се посъветва с лекар адвоката си); the President does not \see anyone председателят не приема (никого); 5. погрижвам се; внимавам, гледам; проверявам, виждам; \see that it is done on time погрижи се да стане навреме; \see to it that everyone knows погрижи се всички да знаят; to \see s.o. right погрижвам се някой да бъде третиран справедливо; \see you don't lose your way гледай (внимавай) да не се загубиш; \see and don't lose the train разг. гледай да не изпуснеш влака; to \see for o.s. сам проверявам; 6. виждам, схващам, разбирам; научавам се (от вестник и пр.); \seeing that като се има предвид че; тъй като; as far as I can \see доколкото разбирам; that remains to be \seen това тепърва ще се види (разбере); I can't \see my way to do( ing) s.th. не виждам как бих могъл да направя нещо; he cannot \see a joke не разбира от шега; \see? разбирате ли? to \see into ( through) millstone ( through brick walls) много съм проницателен, всичко схващам; 7. виждам, помислям, размислям; I'll \see what I can do ще помисля (видя) какво мога да направя; let me \see чакай да видя (да помисля); 8. изпращам, придружавам; to \see s.o. home изпращам някого до дома; to \see s.o. to the door изпращам някого до вратата; 9. виждам, преживявам, изпитвам; to \see life получавам жизнен опит; to \see service служа (във войска, флот); износвам се, овехтявам (за предмет); to have \seen better (o.'s best) западнал е (за човек); износен е, изтъркан е, овехтял е (за предмет); he first saw fire at... той получи бойно кръщение при ...; I have \seen the day when помня времето, когато; he will never \see fifty again прехвърлил е петдесетте; 10. считам, смятам, намирам; if you \see fit ( proper) to do it ако считате за подходящо (редно) да го направите; 11. представям си; I can't \see myself doing such a thing не мога да си представя да направя такова нещо; 12. приемам, съгласявам се, позволявам; I do not \see myself being made use of не приемам (позволявам) да ме използват; • to \see the last of s.o. отървавам се от някого; I will \see you blowed ( damned, hanged, at Jericho) first! как не! това няма да го бъде! върви по дяволите! to \see red ( scarlet) гледам на кръв; вбесявам се; to \see things bloodshot кръвожаден съм; гледам мрачно на света; черноглед съм; \see here! ам. слушай! this is a coat I \see you in това палто ще ти прилича; II. see n епархия; the Holy S., the S. of Rome Светият (папският) престол (двор).

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > see

  • 13 see

    ̈ɪsi: I гл.
    1) видеть;
    смотреть, глядеть;
    наблюдать see visions Syn: look, notice, observe, watch, witness, meet Ant: disregard, ignore, miss, neglect, overlook
    2) осматривать see the sights Syn: inspect
    3) понимать, знать;
    сознавать Syn: regard
    4) подумать, поразмыслить It is necessary to see see what could be done ≈ Необходимо подумать, что следует предпринять.
    5) вообразить, представить себе I can clearly see him doing it. ≈ Я ясно себе представляю, как он это делает.
    6) считать, придерживаться определенного взгляда;
    считать, полагать, думать to see good (или fit, proper, right и т. п.) ≈ счесть нужным (сделать что-л.)
    7) а) повидать(ся) ;
    навестить We went to see her. ≈ Мы пошли к ней в гости. When will you come and see us? ≈ Когда вы придете к нам? б) видеться, видаться, встречаться We have not seen each other for ages. ≈ Мы давно не виделись. You ought to see more of him. ≈ Вам следует чаще с ним встречаться. see you later/again/soon ≈ до скорой встречи
    8) выяснять( что-л. у кого-л.), советоваться( о чем-л.), узнавать Which nurse do I see about my sick daughter? ≈ С какой сиделкой мне следует поговорить о моей больной дочери?
    9) принимать( посетителя) I am seeing no one today. ≈ Я сегодня никого не принимаю.
    10) провожать
    11) позаботиться( о чем-л.) ;
    посмотреть( за чем-л.)
    12) испытать, пережить ∙ see about see across see after see against see ahead see around see beyond see fit see into see off see out see over see through see to see up I'll see you damned/blowed first разг. ≈ как бы не так!, держи карман шире!, и не подумаю! see here! see eye to eye see the back see scarlet see the red light see service II сущ.
    1) епархия Syn: diocese, bishopric
    2) престол( епископа и т. п.) Holy See( церковное) епархия (церковное) престол (церковное) чин епископа (церковное) папство > the Holy S., the S. of Rome папский престол видеть - to * well видеть хорошо - cats * well at night кошки хорошо видят ночью /в темноте/ - he can't * он не видит, он слепой - I can't * as far as that я на таком далеком расстоянии не вижу - to * nothing ничего не видеть - I looked but saw nothing я посмотрел, но ничего не увидел смотреть, видеть - to * a play смотреть пьесу - I saw this film last year я видел этот фильм в прошлом году - I saw an interesting story the other day на днях мне попался на глаза интересный рассказ - have you seen today's paper? вы видели сегодняшнюю газету? - did you * about her death in the paper? вы читали извещение о ее смерти в газетах? - let me * that letter покажите мне это письмо, разрешите взглянуть на это письмо - to * smth. with one's own eyes видеть что-л. собственными глазами - all this took place in the street, where all could * все это произошло на улице на глазах у всех - he is not fit to be seen он в таком виде, что не может показаться на людях - what sort of man is he to *? какой он на вид? - *, here he comes! смотри /видишь/, вот он идет! справляться, смотреть - * page four смотри страницу 4 - * (as) above смотри выше - * also смотри также( частная ссылка) представлять себе - I can't * you old не могу представить себе вас старым - to * everything black видеть все в черном свете - to * things wrong неправильно судить о чем-л. - to * things as they are правильно смотреть на вещи - I don't * it in this light я смотрю на это иначе - as I * it как мне это представляется /кажется/ находить, обнаруживать - I can * no faults in him я не вижу /не нахожу/ в нем никаких недостатков - I * no alternative /no way out/ я не вижу иного пути /выхода/ - I don't know what you can * in her я не знаю, что вы в ней находите - to * oneself in one's children узнавать себя в своих детях понимать, сознавать - to * a joke понимать шутку - he can't * a joke он не понимает шуток, у него нет чувства юмора - I * what you mean я понимаю, что ты имеешь в виду /что ты хочешь сказать/ - I * what you are driving at я понимаю, к чему вы клоните - I * it to be a fraud я считаю это мошенничеством - now do you *? теперь вам понятно? - that is easy to * это легко /нетрудно/ понять - don't /can't/ you * I'm tired? ты не понимаешь, что я устал? - I * no reason why we should despair не вижу причины для отчаяния - it's like this, you * видите ли, дело обстоит так - I * that you have changed your mind я вижу, что вы передумали - this is how I * it вот как я на это смотрю - * what you've done! посмотри, что ты наделал! - * what courage can do! вот что значит мужество! - to * for oneself убедиться( в чем-л.) самому - go and * for yourself if you don't belive me если вы мне не верите, пойдите убедитесь сами - I can't * the good of it! к чему это? - not to * the use of doing smth. сомневаться в целесообразности чего-л. - I don't * the good of getting angry не стоит сердиться - I don't * the use of crying бесполезно плакать;
    напрасно (вы) плачете испытывать, переживать( что-л.) ;
    сталкиваться( с чем-л.) - he has seen a good deal in his (long) life он немало повидал /испытал/ на своем веку - I never saw such rudeness я никогда не сталкивался с такой грубостью - I have seen war at close quarters я на себе испытал, что такое война - he first saw fire at Berlin он получил боевое крещение под Берлином - to have seen better days знавать лучшие времена;
    обеднеть;
    поизноситься, поистрепаться, потерять свежесть( о вещи) - this coat of mine has seen hard wear мое пальто порядком поизносилось - the nineteenth century saw the rise of our literature девятнадцатый век был свидетелем расцвета нашей литературы - this place has seen many changes здесь произошло много перемен видеться, встречаться - he *s a great deal of the Smiths он часто бывает у Смитов - he is much seen in society он много бывает в обществе - we * less of him in winter зимой мы его реже видим - I haven't seen you for /in/ ages я вас не видел целую вечность - when shall I * you again? когда мы опять встретимся? - * you on Thursday! до четверга! - I shall * you again soon, (американизм) I'll be *ing you до скорой встречи узнавать;
    выяснять - * who it is посмотри /узнай/, как это - * if the postman has come посмотрите /узнайте/, не пришел ли почтальон - I don't know but I'll * я не знаю, но я пойду и выясню - * if you can get an evening paper пойди узнай, нельзя ли достать вечернюю газету - I * in the papers that... из газет я узнал /в газетах пишут/, что... обдумывать - I'll * what can be done я подумаю /посмотрю/, что можно сделать - * what you can do подумайте, что можно сделать - will you come to dinner tomorrow? - Well, I'll * вы придете завтра обедать? - Я подумаю /Может быть, там видно будет/ - well, we'll * посмотрим, подумаем, там видно будет - that remains to be seen, we shall * (это) еще неизвестно, время покажет - let me * постойте, подождите, дайте подумать - let me *, what was I saying? подождите /постойте/, о чем это я говорил? - now, then, let's * ну (ладно), теперь посмотрим осматривать, освидетельствовать (тж. * over) - to * a flat before taking it осмотреть квартиру прежде, чем переехать в нее - we want to * over the house мы хотим осмотреть этот дом - to have smb. * one's work попросить кого-л. посмотреть работу - I want you to * my new coat я хочу, чтобы вы посмотрели мое новое пальто - the doctor ought to * him at once доктор должен сейчас же его осмотреть (редкое) допускать, разрешать - you cannot * your sister starve without trying to help her вы ведь не допустите, чтобы ваша сестра голодала, и попытаетесь помочь ей (карточное) принимать вызов осматривать (достопримечательности) - to * the sights осматривать достопримечательности - Americans manage to * Oxford in a few hours американцы ухитряются осмотреть Оксфорд за несколько часов обращаться( за советом, консультацией и т. п.) - to * a doctor обращаться (за советом) к врачу - you ought to * a doctor immediately вам бы следовало немедленно обратиться к /показаться/ врачу - I must * a lawyer about filing my suit мне нужно посоветоваться с юристом о передаче дела в суд - I wanted to * you on business я хотел поговорить /посоветоваться/ с вами по делу - * him about the book поговори с ним насчет этой книги принимать, быть на приеме (по делу и т. п.) - to manage to * an official добиться приема у чиновника - to refuse to * smb. отказаться принять кого-л. - the rector can't * anyone today сегодня ректор никого не принимает - she can't be seen now сейчас ее нельзя видеть (американизм) предоставлять (слово) - I * Mr. Brown слово предоставляется господину Брауну - to see about smth. позаботиться, подумать о чем-л.;
    проследить, присмотреть за чем-л. - to * about a house позаботиться о жилье - I must * about a new courtain for this room мне нужно подумать о новой шторе для этой комнаты - who will * about the tickets? кто позаботится о билетах? - I'll * about it я этим займусь, это я беру на себя;
    я подумаю /посмотрю/ - he promised to * about the matter он обещал заняться этим вопросом - to see to smth., smb. следить, присматривать за чем-л.,кем-л., заботиться о чем-л., о ком-л. - to * to the house следить за домом, вести домашнее хозяйство - to * to the children присматривать за детьми - we will * to everything мы обо всем позаботимся - to * to the business позаботиться о деле - I'll * to the tickets я займусь билетами;
    я возьму на себя расходы, я оплачу билеты - I shall * to it я этим займусь, я это беру на себя - to * to all the locks and doors проверить все замки и двери - next morning he came in to * to Martha на следующее утро он зашел, чтобы присмотреть за Мартой - to see after smb., smth. ухаживать, присматривать за кем-л., чем-л. - I am going to * after the children я присмотрю за детьми - who will * after the house when you are gone? кто присмотрит за домом, когда вы уедете? заботиться о ком-л., чем-л. - to * after one's own interests заботиться о своих интересах - to see about doing smth. проследить за тем, чтобы что-л. было сделано - to * about packing позаботиться о том, чтобы вещи были уложены - you must * about getting him a coat вы должны позаботиться о том, чтобы у него было пальто - to see smb. to some place провожать, сопровождать кого-л. куда-л. - to * smb. home провожать кого-л. домой - let me * you home разрешите проводить вас домой - to * smb. into a train посадить кого-л. на поезд - to see into smth. изучать что-л.;
    разбираться в чем-л. - to * into a matter изучать какой-л. вопрос - the lawyer will * into your claim юрист рассмотрит ваш иск всматриваться, проникать взором во что-л. - to try and * into the future пытаться предугадать будущее - to * into smb.'s motives разгадать чьи-л. замыслы - to see (to it) that посмотреть, проследить за тем, чтобы что-л. было сделано - * to it that the things are packed by three o'clock последи за тем, чтобы все было уложено к 3 часам - you must * to it that the children are fed properly вам следует позаботиться о том, чтобы детей хорошо кормили - I'll * (to it) that nothing goes wrong я позабочусь, чтобы все было в порядке - * that he comes in time позаботьтесь, чтобы он пришел во время - you will * that he has all he needs вы должны позаботиться, чтобы у него было все необходимое - to see smth. done сделать что-л., постараться, чтобы что-л. было сделано - to * smth. rebuilt перестроить что-л. - the house that I should like to * rebuilt дом, который мне хотелось бы перестроить - to go /to come, to call/ and see smb., to go /to come, to call/ to see smb. навещать кого-л., приходить к кому-л. - go and * him зайди к нему, навести его - come up and * me some time загляни ко мне когда-нибудь - he called to * us он пришел к нам в гости - to see across smth. переводить, провожать (через улицу и т. п.) - ask a grown-up person to see you across the road попроси кого-нибудь из взрослых перевести тебя через улицу > * here! (американизм) послушай(те) ! > wait and *! увидите!, вы еще увидите! > * and don't do it смотри не делай этого > * and don't miss the train смотри, не опоздай на поезд > as far as I can *, from what I can * по моим соображениям, как мне представляется > to * life /the world/ приобрести жизненный опыт;
    (сленг) веселиться, кутить > to * visions быть ясновидящим /провидцем/ > to * the back of smb. отделаться от кого-л.;
    избавиться от чьего-л. присутствия > to * the last of smth., smb. покончить с чем-л., с кем-л., отделаться от чего-л., от кого-л. > I shall be glad to * the last of this job я буду рад отделаться от этой работы > I hope we have seen the last of him надеюсь, что мы от него отделались > to * no further than one's nose не видеть дальше своего носа > to * through a brick wall видеть насквозь;
    видеть на три аршина в землю > to * one's way to do /doing/ smth. видеть возможность сделать что-л. > can't * my way to get the book не вижу возможности /не знаю, как/ достать эту книгу > he will never * forty again ему уже давно перевалило за сорок > * you in church( американизм) (сленг) до скорого!, пока! > (he) saw you coming простофиля за версту виден > to * things галлюцинировать > to * smb. about his business прогнать /вышвырнуть/ кого-л., избавиться от кого-л. > to * through a glass darkly( библеизм) видеть как сквозь тусклое стекло;
    смутно понимать или различать что-л. now you ~ what it is to be careless теперь ты видишь, что значит быть неосторожным;
    as far as I can see насколько я могу судить when will you come and ~ us? когда вы придете к нам?;
    can I see you on business? могу я увидеться с вами по делу? the doctor must ~ him at once врач должен немедленно осмотреть его don't you ~? разве вы не понимаете?;
    I do not see how to do it не знаю, как это сделать he cannot ~ the joke он не понимает этой шутки to ~ service быть в долгом употреблении;
    износиться;
    повидать виды;
    he has seen better days он видел лучшие времена ~ to присматривать за, заботиться о;
    see here! амер. послушайте!;
    he will never see forty again ему уже за сорок ~ престол (епископа и т. п.) ;
    the Holy See папский престол ~ принимать (посетителя) ;
    I am seeing no one today я сегодня никого не принимаю ~ вообразить, представить себе;
    I can clearly see him doing it я ясно себе представляю, как он это делает don't you ~? разве вы не понимаете?;
    I do not see how to do it не знаю, как это сделать ~ узнавать, выяснять;
    I don't know but I'll see я не знаю, но я выясню ~ понимать, знать;
    сознавать;
    I see я понимаю;
    you see, it is like this видите ли, дело обстоит таким образом ~ придерживаться определенного взгляда;
    I see life (things) differently now я теперь иначе смотрю на жизнь( на вещи) ~ about подумать;
    I will see about it подумаю, посмотрю;
    see after смотреть, следить (за чем-л.) I'll be seeing you увидимся;
    see you later (или again, soon) до скорой встречи I'll ~ you damned (или blowed) first разг. = как бы не так!, держи карман шире!, и не подумаю! ~ понимать, знать;
    сознавать;
    I see я понимаю;
    you see, it is like this видите ли, дело обстоит таким образом ~ подумать, размыслить;
    let me see дайте подумать;
    позвольте, постойте ;
    we must see what could be done следует поразмыслить, что можно сделать ~ осматривать;
    to see the sights осматривать достопримечательности;
    let me see the book покажите мне книгу ~ провожать;
    may I see you home? можно мне проводить вас домой? now you ~ what it is to be careless теперь ты видишь, что значит быть неосторожным;
    as far as I can see насколько я могу судить see (saw;
    seen) видеть;
    смотреть, глядеть;
    наблюдать;
    to see well хорошо видеть;
    to see vicions быть ясновидящим, провидцем ~ вообразить, представить себе;
    I can clearly see him doing it я ясно себе представляю, как он это делает ~ встречаться, видаться;
    we have not seen each other for ages мы давно не виделись ~ епархия ~ испытать, пережить;
    to see life повидать свет, познать жизнь;
    to see armyservice отслужить в армии ~ осматривать;
    to see the sights осматривать достопримечательности;
    let me see the book покажите мне книгу ~ повидать(ся) ;
    навестить;
    we went to see her мы пошли к ней в гости ~ подумать, размыслить;
    let me see дайте подумать;
    позвольте, постойте ;
    we must see what could be done следует поразмыслить, что можно сделать ~ позаботиться (о чем-л.) ;
    посмотреть (за чем-л.) ;
    to see the work done, to see that the work is done проследить за выполнением работы ~ понимать, знать;
    сознавать;
    I see я понимаю;
    you see, it is like this видите ли, дело обстоит таким образом ~ престол (епископа и т. п.) ;
    the Holy See папский престол ~ придерживаться определенного взгляда;
    I see life (things) differently now я теперь иначе смотрю на жизнь (на вещи) ~ принимать (посетителя) ;
    I am seeing no one today я сегодня никого не принимаю ~ провожать;
    may I see you home? можно мне проводить вас домой? ~ советоваться, консультироваться;
    to see a doctor (a lawyer) посоветоваться с врачом (адвокатом) ~ считать, находить;
    to see good (или fit, proper, right и т. п.) счесть нужным (сделать что-л., с inf.) ~ узнавать, выяснять;
    I don't know but I'll see я не знаю, но я выясню ~ through доводить до конца;
    to see (smb. through smth.) помогать( кому-л. в чем-л.) ~ советоваться, консультироваться;
    to see a doctor (a lawyer) посоветоваться с врачом (адвокатом) ~ about подумать;
    I will see about it подумаю, посмотрю;
    see after смотреть, следить (за чем-л.) ~ about позаботиться (о чем-л.) ;
    проследить (за чем-л.) ~ about подумать;
    I will see about it подумаю, посмотрю;
    see after смотреть, следить (за чем-л.) ~ after the luggage присмотрите за багажом;
    see into вникать в, рассматривать;
    see off провожать ~ испытать, пережить;
    to see life повидать свет, познать жизнь;
    to see armyservice отслужить в армии to ~ eye to eye (with smb.) сходиться во взглядах( с кем-л.) ;
    to see the back (of smb.) избавиться от (чьего-л.) присутствия ~ считать, находить;
    to see good (или fit, proper, right и т. п.) счесть нужным (сделать что-л., с inf.) ~ to присматривать за, заботиться о;
    see here! амер. послушайте!;
    he will never see forty again ему уже за сорок ~ after the luggage присмотрите за багажом;
    see into вникать в, рассматривать;
    see off провожать to ~ much (little) (of smb.) часто (редко) бывать в (чьем-л.) обществе;
    you ought to see more of him вам следует чаще с ним встречаться ~ after the luggage присмотрите за багажом;
    see into вникать в, рассматривать;
    see off провожать to ~ (smb.) off at the station проводить (кого-л.) на вокзал;
    to see (smb.) off the premises выпроводить( кого-л.) ~ out доводить до конца;
    see over осматривать (здание) ~ out досидеть до конца ~ out пережить ~ out пересидеть( кого-л.) ~ out проводить (до дверей) ~ out доводить до конца;
    see over осматривать (здание) to ~ scarlet прийти в ярость, в бешенство;
    to see the red light предчувствовать приближение опасности, беды to ~ service быть в долгом употреблении;
    износиться;
    повидать виды;
    he has seen better days он видел лучшие времена ~ позаботиться (о чем-л.) ;
    посмотреть (за чем-л.) ;
    to see the work done, to see that the work is done проследить за выполнением работы to ~ eye to eye (with smb.) сходиться во взглядах (с кем-л.) ;
    to see the back (of smb.) избавиться от (чьего-л.) присутствия ~ осматривать;
    to see the sights осматривать достопримечательности;
    let me see the book покажите мне книгу sight: ~ pl достопримечательности;
    to see the sights осматривать достопримечательности ~ позаботиться (о чем-л.) ;
    посмотреть (за чем-л.) ;
    to see the work done, to see that the work is done проследить за выполнением работы ~ through видеть насквозь ~ through доводить до конца;
    to see (smb. through smth.) помогать (кому-л. в чем-л.) ~ through доводить до конца ~ to присматривать за, заботиться о;
    see here! амер. послушайте!;
    he will never see forty again ему уже за сорок see (saw;
    seen) видеть;
    смотреть, глядеть;
    наблюдать;
    to see well хорошо видеть;
    to see vicions быть ясновидящим, провидцем see (saw;
    seen) видеть;
    смотреть, глядеть;
    наблюдать;
    to see well хорошо видеть;
    to see vicions быть ясновидящим, провидцем I'll be seeing you увидимся;
    see you later (или again, soon) до скорой встречи these things have seen better days эти вещи поизносились, поистрепались ~ встречаться, видаться;
    we have not seen each other for ages мы давно не виделись ~ подумать, размыслить;
    let me see дайте подумать;
    позвольте, постойте ;
    we must see what could be done следует поразмыслить, что можно сделать ~ повидать(ся) ;
    навестить;
    we went to see her мы пошли к ней в гости when will you come and ~ us? когда вы придете к нам?;
    can I see you on business? могу я увидеться с вами по делу? to ~ much (little) (of smb.) часто (редко) бывать в (чьем-л.) обществе;
    you ought to see more of him вам следует чаще с ним встречаться ~ понимать, знать;
    сознавать;
    I see я понимаю;
    you see, it is like this видите ли, дело обстоит таким образом

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > see

  • 14 see

    I si: past tense - saw; verb
    1) (to have the power of sight: After six years of blindness, he found he could see.) ver
    2) (to be aware of by means of the eye: I can see her in the garden.) ver
    3) (to look at: Did you see that play on television?) ver
    4) (to have a picture in the mind: I see many difficulties ahead.) ver, imaginarse
    5) (to understand: She didn't see the point of the joke.) comprender, entender, ver
    6) (to investigate: Leave this here and I'll see what I can do for you.) ver
    7) (to meet: I'll see you at the usual time.) ver
    8) (to accompany: I'll see you home.) acompañar
    - seeing that
    - see off
    - see out
    - see through
    - see to
    - I
    - we will see

    II si: noun
    (the district over which a bishop or archbishop has authority.) sede
    see vb
    1. ver
    turn the light on, I can't see anything enciende la luz; no veo nada
    have you seen Lesley recently? ¿has visto a Lesley últimamente?
    2. entender / ver
    3. quedar / ver
    I'll see you at ten quedamos a las diez / nos vemos a las diez
    4. ir / ver
    my tooth hurts, I'll have to see a dentist me duele una muela, tendré que ir al dentista
    let's see a ver / vamos a ver
    tr[siː]
    1 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL sede nombre femenino
    ————————
    tr[siː]
    transitive verb (pt saw tr[sɔː], pp seen tr[siːn], ger seeing)
    1 (gen) ver
    did you see who it was? ¿has visto quién era?
    have you seen any good films lately? ¿has visto una buena película últimamente?
    2 (meet, visit) ver; (receive) ver, atender; (go out with) salir con
    guess who I saw on Saturday? ¿a que no sabes a quién vi el sábado?
    3 (understand) comprender, entender, ver
    do you see what I mean? ¿entiendes lo que quiero decir?
    4 (visualize, imagine) imaginarse, ver; (envisage) creer
    5 (find out, discover) ver; (learn) oír, leer
    6 (ensure, check) asegurarse de, procurar
    could you see that all the doors are locked? ¿podría asegurarse de que todas las puertas estén cerradas con llave?
    7 (accompany) acompañar
    8 (in cards) ver, ir
    1 (gen) ver
    2 (find out, discover) ver
    3 (understand) entender, ver
    oh, I see ah, ya veo
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    I'll be seeing you! ¡hasta luego!
    let me see/let's see a ver, vamos a ver
    seeing is believing ver para creer
    see you around ya nos veremos
    see you later/soon/Monday! ¡hasta luego/pronto/el lunes!
    to be seeing things ver visiones
    to have seen better days haber conocido tiempos mejores
    to see for oneself comprobarlo uno,-a mismo,-a
    to see a lot of somebody ver a alguien a menudo
    to see one's way (clear) to doing something poder hacer algo, estar dispuesto,-a a hacer algo
    to see reason ver la razón
    to see red ponerse rojo,-a (de ira)
    to see stars ver las estrellas
    to see the back/last of somebody perder a alguien de vista
    to see the joke verle la gracia, entender el chiste
    to see the light ver la luz
    not to see the point no ver el sentido, no ver para qué
    we'll soon see about that! ¡ya lo veremos!
    you see (in explanations) verás 2 (in questions) ¿sabes?, ¿ves?
    see ['si:] v, saw ['sɔ] ; seen ['si:n] ; seeing vt
    1) : ver
    I saw a dog: vi un perro
    see you later!: ¡hasta luego!
    2) experience: ver, conocer
    3) understand: ver, entender
    4) ensure: asegurarse
    see that it's correct: asegúrese de que sea correcto
    5) accompany: acompañar
    6)
    to see off : despedir, despedirse de
    see vi
    1) : ver
    seeing is believing: ver para creer
    2) understand: entender, ver
    now I see!: ¡ya entiendo!
    3) consider: ver
    let's see: vamos a ver
    4)
    to see to : ocuparse de
    see n
    : sede f
    the Holy See: la Santa Sede
    n.
    sede s.f.
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: saw, seen) = observar v.
    percibir v.
    ver v.
    (§pres: veo, ves...) imp. ve-•)

    I
    1. siː
    1) (past saw; past p seen) transitive verb
    2)
    a) ver*

    to see somebody/something + inf: I didn't see her arrive no la vi llegar; we'll be sorry to see her go nos va a dar pena que se vaya; to see somebody/something -ing: I can see somebody coming this way veo venir a alguien; I thought I was seeing things pensé que estaba viendo visiones; I'll believe it when I see it hasta que no lo vea no lo creo; to be glad to see the back of somebody — alegrarse de que alguien se vaya

    b) \<\<film/play\>\> ver*
    c) (look at, inspect) ver*

    may I see your ticket? — ¿me permite su entrada (or boleto etc)?

    3)
    a) (perceive, notice) ver*
    b) (learn from reading, hearing)

    I see from your application form that... — he leído en su solicitud que...

    4) ( understand) ver*

    do you see what I mean? — ¿entiendes?, ¿te das cuenta?

    I can see (that) you're in a difficult position, but... — me doy cuenta de or comprendo que estás en una situación difícil, pero...

    5) (consider, regard) ver*

    the way I see it, as I see it — a mi modo de ver, tal como yo lo veo

    6)
    a) ( visualize)

    can you see him as a teacher? — ¿te lo imaginas de profesor?

    b) (envisage, foresee)

    to see something/somebody -ING: I can't see it working no creo que vaya a funcionar; I can see her working abroad — la imagino trabajando en el extranjero

    c) ( accept) (AmE colloq)

    we could move Johnson over to Sales - OK, I can see that — podríamos pasar a Johnson a Ventas - bueno, eso me parece bien

    7)
    a) (find out, determine) ver*
    b) ( ensure)

    to see that: see that it doesn't happen again — que no vuelva a suceder

    8)
    a) (experience, undergo)
    b) ( be the occasion of) (journ)

    in a week which has seen the start of... — en una semana que ha visto el inicio de...

    next Thursday sees the launch of the new model — el próximo jueves es la fecha señalada para el lanzamiento del nuevo modelo

    9)
    a) ( meet) ver*

    when can I see you again? — ¿cuándo nos podemos volver a ver?

    b) ( go out with) (colloq) salir* con
    c) ( saying goodbye) (colloq)

    see you! — hasta luego!, hasta la vista!

    see you later/tonight/soon/on Saturday! — hasta luego/esta noche/pronto/el sábado!

    10) ( visit)
    a) ( socially) ver*
    b) ( for consultation) ver*

    you should see a specialistdeberías ver a or ir a un especialista

    to see somebody about something: can I see you about something privately? — ¿podría hablar con usted de un asunto privado?

    11) ( receive) ver*, atender*
    12) (escort, accompany) acompañar

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ver*
    b) (look, inspect) ver*
    2) (understand, realize) ver*

    can't you see he loves you? — ¿no te das cuenta de or no ves que te quiere?

    3) (consider, think) ver*

    let's see — vamos a ver, veamos

    I'll see, but I can't promise anything — voy a ver, pero no te puedo prometer nada

    4) ( find out) ver*

    will it work? - try it and see — ¿funcionará? - prueba a ver

    what's going on? - you'll soon see — ¿qué pasa? - ya lo verás

    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    noun ( diocese) sede f

    I
    [siː]
    (pt saw) (pp seen) VT VI
    1) (gen) ver

    to see sb do or doing sth — ver a algn hacer algo

    did you see that Queen Anne is dead? — ¿has oído que ha muerto la reina Ana?

    he's seen it allestá de vuelta de todo

    there was nobody to be seen — no se veía ni nadie

    as you can see — como ves

    I'll see him damned first — antes le veré colgado

    I never thought I'd see the day when... — nunca pensé ver el día en que...

    this dress isn't fit to be seen — este vestido no se puede ver

    see for yourself — velo tú

    I'll go and see — voy a ver

    now see here! (in anger) ¡mira!, ¡oiga!, ¡escuche!

    I see nothing wrong in it — no le encuentro nada malo

    I see in the paper that... — sale en el periódico que...

    let me see, let's see — (=show me/us) a ver; (=let me/us think) vamos a ver

    she's certainly seeing lifees seguro que está viendo muchas cosas

    we'll not see his like again — no veremos otro como él

    he's seen a lot of the world — ha visto mucho mundo

    so I see — ya lo veo

    I must be seeing things *estoy viendo visiones

    I can't see to read — no veo lo suficiente para leer

    can you see your way to helping us? — (fig) ¿nos hace el favor de ayudarnos?

    we'll see — ya veremos, a ver

    I'll see what I can do — veré si puedo hacer algo

    she won't see 40 again — los 40 ya no los cumple

    2) (=visit, meet) ver, visitar; (=have an interview with) tener una entrevista con, entrevistarse con

    the minister saw the Queen yesterdayel ministro se entrevistó or tuvo una entrevista con la Reina ayer

    I want to see you about my daughter — quiero hablar con usted acerca de mi hija

    what did he want to see you about? — ¿qué asunto quería discutir contigo?, ¿qué motivo tuvo su visita?

    we'll be seeing them for dinnervamos a cenar con ellos

    to see the doctor — ir a ver al médico, consultar al médico

    you need to see a doctortienes que ir a ver or consultar a un médico

    to go and see sb — ir a ver a algn; (a friend) visitar a algn

    we don't see much of them nowadays — ahora les vemos bastante poco

    see you! *chau *

    see you on Sunday! — ¡hasta el domingo!

    see you tomorrow! — ¡hasta mañana!

    see you later! — ¡hasta luego!

    see you soon! — ¡hasta pronto!

    3) (=understand, perceive) entender

    this is how I see it — este es mi modo de entenderlo, yo lo entiendo así

    I saw only too clearly that... — percibí claramente que...

    it's all over, see? * — se acabó, ¿entiendes?

    I can't or don't see why/how etc... — no veo or entiendo por qué/cómo etc...

    I don't see it, myself — yo no creo que sea posible

    he's dead, don't you see? — está muerto, ¿me entiendes?

    the Russians see it differently — los rusos lo miran desde otro punto de vista, el criterio de los rusos es distinto

    I fail to see how — no comprendo or entiendo cómo

    as far as I can see — por lo visto, por lo que yo veo

    the way I see it — a mi parecer

    4) (=accompany) acompañar

    he was so drunk we had to see him to bedestaba tan borracho que tuvimos que llevarle a la cama

    to see sb to the dooracompañar a algn a la puerta

    to see sb homeacompañar a algn a casa

    may I see you home? — ¿puedo acompañarte a casa?

    5) (=try) procurar

    see if... — ve a ver si..., mira a ver si...

    6) (=imagine) imaginarse

    I don't see her as a ministerno la veo or no me la imagino de ministra

    7) (=ensure)

    II
    [siː]
    N (Rel) sede f ; [of archbishop] arzobispado m ; [of bishop] obispado m
    * * *

    I
    1. [siː]
    1) (past saw; past p seen) transitive verb
    2)
    a) ver*

    to see somebody/something + inf: I didn't see her arrive no la vi llegar; we'll be sorry to see her go nos va a dar pena que se vaya; to see somebody/something -ing: I can see somebody coming this way veo venir a alguien; I thought I was seeing things pensé que estaba viendo visiones; I'll believe it when I see it hasta que no lo vea no lo creo; to be glad to see the back of somebody — alegrarse de que alguien se vaya

    b) \<\<film/play\>\> ver*
    c) (look at, inspect) ver*

    may I see your ticket? — ¿me permite su entrada (or boleto etc)?

    3)
    a) (perceive, notice) ver*
    b) (learn from reading, hearing)

    I see from your application form that... — he leído en su solicitud que...

    4) ( understand) ver*

    do you see what I mean? — ¿entiendes?, ¿te das cuenta?

    I can see (that) you're in a difficult position, but... — me doy cuenta de or comprendo que estás en una situación difícil, pero...

    5) (consider, regard) ver*

    the way I see it, as I see it — a mi modo de ver, tal como yo lo veo

    6)
    a) ( visualize)

    can you see him as a teacher? — ¿te lo imaginas de profesor?

    b) (envisage, foresee)

    to see something/somebody -ING: I can't see it working no creo que vaya a funcionar; I can see her working abroad — la imagino trabajando en el extranjero

    c) ( accept) (AmE colloq)

    we could move Johnson over to Sales - OK, I can see that — podríamos pasar a Johnson a Ventas - bueno, eso me parece bien

    7)
    a) (find out, determine) ver*
    b) ( ensure)

    to see that: see that it doesn't happen again — que no vuelva a suceder

    8)
    a) (experience, undergo)
    b) ( be the occasion of) (journ)

    in a week which has seen the start of... — en una semana que ha visto el inicio de...

    next Thursday sees the launch of the new model — el próximo jueves es la fecha señalada para el lanzamiento del nuevo modelo

    9)
    a) ( meet) ver*

    when can I see you again? — ¿cuándo nos podemos volver a ver?

    b) ( go out with) (colloq) salir* con
    c) ( saying goodbye) (colloq)

    see you! — hasta luego!, hasta la vista!

    see you later/tonight/soon/on Saturday! — hasta luego/esta noche/pronto/el sábado!

    10) ( visit)
    a) ( socially) ver*
    b) ( for consultation) ver*

    you should see a specialistdeberías ver a or ir a un especialista

    to see somebody about something: can I see you about something privately? — ¿podría hablar con usted de un asunto privado?

    11) ( receive) ver*, atender*
    12) (escort, accompany) acompañar

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ver*
    b) (look, inspect) ver*
    2) (understand, realize) ver*

    can't you see he loves you? — ¿no te das cuenta de or no ves que te quiere?

    3) (consider, think) ver*

    let's see — vamos a ver, veamos

    I'll see, but I can't promise anything — voy a ver, pero no te puedo prometer nada

    4) ( find out) ver*

    will it work? - try it and see — ¿funcionará? - prueba a ver

    what's going on? - you'll soon see — ¿qué pasa? - ya lo verás

    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    noun ( diocese) sede f

    English-spanish dictionary > see

  • 15 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 16 pilgrim

    ['pilɡrim]
    (a person who travels to a holy place: Every year thousands of pilgrims visit Jerusalem.) pilgrim
    * * *
    ['pilɡrim]
    (a person who travels to a holy place: Every year thousands of pilgrims visit Jerusalem.) pilgrim

    English-Danish dictionary > pilgrim

  • 17 see

    1. n церк. епархия
    2. n церк. престол

    Holy See — святейший престол; папский престол, Ватикан

    3. n церк. чин епископа
    4. n церк. папство
    5. v видеть
    6. v смотреть, видеть

    let me see that letter — покажите мне это письмо, разрешите взглянуть на это письмо

    all this took place in the street, where all could seeвсё это произошло на улице на глазах у всех

    he is not fit to be seen — он в таком виде, что не может показаться на людях

    to see pass — видеть, как кто-то проходит

    7. v справляться, смотреть

    to look but see nothing — смотреть, но ничего не видеть

    8. v представлять себе
    9. v находить, обнаруживать
    10. v понимать, сознавать

    I see what you mean — я понимаю, что ты имеешь в виду

    I see what you are driving at — я понимаю, к чему вы клоните

    I see! — понимаю!, ясно!

    I see that you have changed your mind — я вижу, что вы передумали

    11. v испытывать, переживать; сталкиваться

    I have seen war at close quarters — я на себе испытал, что такое война

    12. v видеться, встречаться
    13. v узнавать; выяснять

    see who it is — посмотри, кто это

    see if the postman has come — посмотрите, не пришёл ли почтальон

    14. v обдумывать

    see what you can do — подумайте, что можно сделать

    that remains to be seen, we shall see — ещё неизвестно, время покажет

    let me see — постойте, подождите, дайте подумать

    let me see, what was I saying? — подождите, о чём это я осматривать, освидетельствовать

    to see a flat before taking it — осмотреть квартиру прежде, чем переехать в неё

    15. v редк. допускать, разрешать

    you cannot see your sister starve without trying to help her — вы ведь не допустите, чтобы ваша сестра голодала, и попытаетесь помочь ей

    16. v карт. принимать вызов
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. diocese (noun) bishopric; diocese; parish
    2. accompany (verb) accompany; attend; date; escort; take out
    3. behold (verb) behold; descry; espy; look; mark; mind; note; notice; observe; perceive; remark; spy; twig; watch; witness
    4. call on (verb) call on; meet
    5. consider (verb) consider; deliberate
    6. discover (verb) ascertain; catch on; determine; discover; find out; hear; learn; tumble; unearth
    7. examine (verb) examine; inspect; regard; view
    8. foresee (verb) anticipate; divine; envision; forefeel; foreknow; foresee; preknow; previse; prevision
    9. guide (verb) conduct; direct; guide; lead; pilot; route; shepherd; show; steer
    10. have (verb) experience; feel; go through; have; know; meet with; suffer; sustain; taste; undergo
    11. read (verb) accept; apprehend; catch; compass; cotton on to; cotton to; fathom; follow; grasp; make out; read; take; take in; tumble to
    12. receive (verb) consult; discuss; encounter; entertain; receive
    13. think (verb) conceive; envisage; envision; fancy; fantasise; feature; image; imagine; picture; project; realize; think; vision; visualise; visualize
    14. understand (verb) comprehend; detect; discern; distinguish; penetrate; recognise; recognize; understand
    15. visit (verb) call; come by; come over; drop by; drop in; look in; look up; pop in; run in; step in; stop; stop by; stop in; visit

    English-Russian base dictionary > see

  • 18 of

    ɔv (полная форма) ;
    (редуцированная форма) предл.
    1) указывает на отношение принадлежности;
    передается род. падежом а) указывает на "владельца", кому принадлежит pages of a book ≈ страницы книги б) указывает на объект принадлежности the owner of a car ≈ владелец автомобиля
    2) выражает объект действия в отглагольных существительных
    3) указывает на деятеля или создателя а) после существительных б) после глагола в пассиве;
    может передаваться твор. падежом Everything seems to be done of those who govern Spain to keep travellers out of that country. ≈ Теми, кто управляет Испанией, кажется было сделано все, чтобы не допустить путешественников в эту страну.
    4) указывает на деятеля - носителя качества или свойства, выраженного прилагательным;
    при этом деятель является логическим субъектом придаточного предложения с инфинитивным предикатом или реже придаточного, вводимого союзом that It is clever of him to go there. ≈ Умно, что он туда поехал. It was careless of you to leave the door unlocked. ≈ Вы были очень легкомысленны, оставив дверь незапертой.
    5) указывает на отношение части и целого;
    передается род. разделительным (партитивом)
    6) указывает на содержимое какого-л. вместилища
    7) указывает на состав, структуру pack of wolvesстая волков herd of horses ≈ табун лошадей family of a dozen personsсемья из 12 человек
    8) после слов типа class, order, genus, species, kind, sort, manner и т. п. указывает на класс, вид, разновидность и т. п. It was a sort of travelling school. ≈ Это было нечто вроде школы по туризму. Of the eagle, there are but few species. ≈ Кроме орлов существует лишь несколько разновидностей.
    9) указывает на выделение лица/предмета из множества аналогичных лиц/предметов holy of holies ≈ святая святых
    10) из о материале, из которого что-л. сделано
    11) указывает на вкус, запах и т. п.;
    передается тв. падежом
    12) указывает на качество, свойство, возраст;
    часто передается род. падежом
    13) указывает на область распространения какого-л. качества, свойства to be hard of hearingбыть тугоухим, плохо слышать
    14) указывает на причину от;
    из-за;
    в результате, по причине sick of inaction ≈ уставший от бездействия He died of pneumonia. ≈ Он умер от воспаления легких. He did it of necessity. ≈ Он сделал это по необходимости.
    15) указывает на источник от, у I learned it of him. ≈ Я узнал это от него. He asked it of me. ≈ Он спросил это у меня.
    16) указывает на происхождение из He comes of a worker's family. ≈ Он из рабочей семьи.
    17) указывает на направление, положение в пространстве, расстояние от
    18) указывает на объект избавления, лишения от;
    передается тж. род. падежом to cure of a disease/illness ≈ вылечить от болезни
    19) указывает на время
    20) указывает на количество в
    21) указывает на предмет разговора, слуха и т. п. о, об, относительно
    22) указывает на предмет подозрений, обвинений и т. п. в
    23) вводит приложение
    24) употребляется в неразложимых словосочетаниях с предшествующим определяющим существительным указывает на: принадлежность - передается род. падежом - the garden of my neighbour сад моего соседа - the nest of the bird гнездо птицы владение чем-л. - передается род. падежом - the owner of the house владелец дома, домовладелец - a man of property собственник авторство - передается род. падежом - the stories of Edgar Poe рассказы Эдгара По - the phonograph of Edison фонограф Эдисона принадлежность к какой-л. организации или участие в работе какого-л. органа - передается род. падежом - he is a member of the Communist party он член коммунистической партии родственные, дружеские, деловые и др. связи в обороте, включающем существительное в притяжательном падеже или притяжательное местоименение обыкн. в абсолютной форме - he is a friend of mine он мой друг;
    это один из моих друзей - is he a friend of your father's? он друг вашего отца? - that precious brother of hers (ироничное) ее драгоценный братец - it's no business of yours это не ваше дело, это вас не касается - a volume of Shakespeare's один из томов (собрания сочинений) Шекспира указывает на: составную часть чего-л - передается род. падежом - the roof of the house крыша дома - the leg of the table ножка стола соотношение части и целого: из;
    передается тж. род. падежом - there parts of the whole три четверти всего количества - one of them один из них - most of us большинство из нас - of the twenty only one was present из двадцати присутствовал только один - there is smth. of good in every man в каждом человеке есть что-то хорошее - taste of the soup (книжное) отведайте супа - part of the way часть пути определенное количество чего-л. - передается род. падежом - a cup of tea чашка чаю - a tin of sardines банка сардин - a yard of silk ярд шелка - a foot of ground фут земли - a piece of chalk кусок мела - how much of it do you want? сколько вам дать этого? указывает на выделение лица или предмета из группы лиц или предметов: из - the bravest of the brave храбрейший из храбрых - the holy of holies святая святых - a man of a thousand один из тысячи - on this day of all days именно в этот день - you have had the best of teachers вас учили лучшие учителя указывает на: качество, свойство или особенность - передается род. падежом;
    в сочетании с существительным передается тж. прилагательным - of good quality хорошего качества - a man of talent талантливый человек - a man of genius гений - a man of importance важный человек, важная персона - a friendship of old standing старая дружба - a period of plenty период изобилия - a state of rest состояние покоя - a flag of three colours трехцветный флаг - tomatoes of my own growing помидоры, выращенные на моем участке, поле и т. п., выращенные мною помидоры количественную характеристику: в, из - a ship of 700 tons судно водоизмещением в 700 тонн - a family of eight cемья из восьми человек возраст - передается род. падежом - a boy of fourteen мальчик четырнадцати лет указывает на сферу распространения качества или признака - вместе со следующим существительным часто переводится сложным прилагательным - hard of heart жестокосердный - black of eye черноглазый - nimble of foot быстроногий - he is hard of hearing он тугоух указывает на: материал: из;
    передается тж. род. падежом - a box of ivory шкатулка (из) слоновой кости - made of wood сделанный из дерева - what is it made of? из чего это сделано? - a house of cards карточный домик состав, содержание или структуру - передается род. падежом - a collection of pictures собрание картин - a book of poems сборник стихов - a bunch of keys связка ключей - a pack of wolves стая волков - to be composed of smth. быть составленным из чего-л. запах, вкус - передается твор. падежом - it smelled of hay пахло сеном - the fish tasted of onions рыба отдавала луком - the room smelled of mice в комнате пахло мышами указывает на: происхождение или источник: из;
    передается тж. род. падежом - he comes of a good family он происходит их хорошей семьи - workers of Ohio рабочие из (штата) Огайо - there was one child of that marriage от этого брак5а родился один ребенок - man of humble origin человек незнатного рода - of royal decent из королевского рода отнесение к какому-л. времени иди периоду - передается род. падежом - men of Forty Eight люди сорок восьмого года - within a year of his death через год после его смерти звание, титул и т. п. - передается род, падежом - Doctor of Medicine доктор медицины - Master of Arts магистр искусств;
    магистр гуманитарных наук указывает на причину, основание: от, из-за, по - to do smth. of necessity сделать что-л. по необходимости - to do smth. of one's own accord сделать что-л. по (своему) собственному желанию - to die of starvation умереть от голода - for fear of из страха перед (чем-л.), из-за (чего-л.) - I have done this of my own will я сделал это по собственной воле - I am sick of endless delays я устал от бесконечных задержек указывает на направление, расстояние или удаленность от какого-л. пункта: от, к - within a mile of the station в миле от станции - south of London к югу от Лондона - a mile east of the port на расстоянии мили к востоку от порта указывает на: минуты( при определении времени по часам): без;
    передается тж. род. падежом - twenty of twelve (американизм) без двадцати двенадцать;
    сорок минут двенадцатого название месяца после даты - передается род. падежом - the first of May первое мая - the second of June второе июня (редкое) время совершения повторного действия: по;
    вместе с существительным передается тж. наречием - of an evening по вечерам, вечерами - of a Saturday по субботам - what do you do of a Saturday? что вы делаете по субботам? - to sit up late of nights (диалектизм) поздно ложиться спать период времени: в течение - I have not seen him of a long time я давно не видел его употребляется: в оборотах, где в качестве образного эпитета выступает определяемое - a palace of a house роскошный дом;
    не дом, а дворец - a box of a room клетушка, каморка - what a mountain of a wave! какая огромная волна! с приложением, выраженным именем собственным - the city of Dublin город Дублин - the Isle of Wight остров Уайт - by the name of Mary по имени Мэри - the month of May месяц май с ослабленным значением употребляется в определительных оборотах к существительным - передается род, падежом;
    тж. вместе с существительным передается прилагательным - the laws of perspective законы перспективы - standard of living уровень жизни - source of information источник сведений - the name of the street название улицы - a cloud of smoke облако дыма - a word of encouragement доброе слово;
    одобрение раскрывает содержание предшествующего существительного - передается род. падежом - the fact of your speaking to him тот факт, что вы с ним разговаривали указывает на: объект действия - передается род. падежом - education of children обучение детей - explanation of a word объяснение слова - love of study любовь к занятиям - writing of letters писание писем - levying of taxes взимание налогов субъект дейтсвия, выраженного существительным - передается род. падежом;
    в сочетании с существительным передается прилагательным - the love of a mother любовь матери;
    материнская любовь субъект действия, выраженного инфинитивом: с ( чьей-л.) стороны - it is clever of you to act so с вашей стороны умно действовать подобным образом( устаревшее) субъект действия после глагола в пассиве - передается твор. падежом - beloved of all любимый всеми - forsaken of God and man забытый богом и людьми указывает на: тему разговора, предмет рассуждений, воспоминаний и т. п.: о, об, относительно - to speak of smb., smth. говорить о ком-л., что-л. - it is you I'm thinking of я думаю о вас - not that I know of я, по крайней мере, ничего об этом не знаю предмет подозрений, опасений, страха, зависти и т. п.;
    передается тж. косвенными падежами - to suspect smb. of smth. подозревать кого-л. в чем-л - to accuse smb. of smth. обвинять кого-л. в чем-л. - to be guilty of smth. быть виновным в чем-л. - to be sure of smth. быть уверенным в чем-л. - to be aware of smth. знать что-л. - it admits of no doubt в этом не приходится сомневаться /нет сомнения/ - he was ashamed of being so late ему было стыдно, что он пришел так поздно - he had such hopes of it он так на это надеялся указывает на: освобождение или избавление от чего-л.: от - free of smth. свободный от чего-л. - to cure smb. of smth. вылечить кого-л. от чего-л. - to relieve smb. of anxiety избавить кого-л. от беспокойства - trees bare of leaves оголенные деревья - free of customs duty не облагаемый таможенной пошлиной лишение, изъятие чего-л.: от;
    передается тж. род. падежом - to be deprived of smth. быть лишенным чего-л. - he was robbed of his purse у него украли кошелек - he was cheated of $5 его обсчитали на 5 долларов лицо, у которого что-л. берут, просят, требуют и т. п.: у;
    передается тж. род. падежом - to ask a favour of smb. просить кого-л. о любезности - to borrow smth. of smb. взять взаймы что-л. у кого-л. (устаревшее) указывает на цель: с;
    по - house of prayer молитвенный дом - to send of an errand послать с поручением в сочетаниях: - full of полный - full of water полный воды - full of energy полный энергии, энергичный - plenty of много - plenty of time много времени - of no account не имеющий значения - of (great) interest представляющий (большой) интерес - of age совершеннолетний - of a certainty несомненно, бесспорно;
    наверняка - of a child с детства - of a child he was sickly он был болезненным с детства - of all men, of all people уж кто-кто, a... - he of all men should be grateful уж он-то во всяком случае должен бы быть благодарен - well what of it? ну и что (из этого) ? - of oneself по своему желанию;
    без посторонней помощи - it came about of itself это произошло само по себе - of late недавно - of old давно;
    в давние времена - I know him of old я знаю его очень давно - what has become of him? что с ним стало? - no more of that! хватит!, довольно! - this kind of thing вещи такого рода - all of a tremble весь дрожа;
    в сильном волнении - he is one of us он свой (разговорное) (диалектизм) выполняет роль вспомогательного глагола: - she meant to of written you она собиралась написать тебе - he should of asked me first ему бы сначала следовало спросить у меня of prep в;
    to suspect of theft подозревать в воровстве;
    to accuse of a lie обвинять во лжи;
    to be guilty of bribery быть виновным во взяточничестве ~ prep указывает на принадлежность;
    передается род. падежом: the house of my ancestors дом моих предков;
    articles of clothing предметы одежды of prep в;
    to suspect of theft подозревать в воровстве;
    to accuse of a lie обвинять во лжи;
    to be guilty of bribery быть виновным во взяточничестве to be sure (~ smth.) быть уверенным (в чем-л.) sure: well, I am ~! вот те раз!;
    однако!;
    sure thing! безусловно!, конечно!;
    to be sure разумеется, конечно well: if you promise that, ~ and good если вы обещаете это, тогда хорошо;
    well, to be sure вот тебе раз! the devil ~ a worker не работник а просто дьявол;
    a beauty of a girl красавица ~ prep вводит приложение: the city of New York город НьюЙорк;
    by the name of John по имениДжон ~ prep вводит приложение: the city of New York город НьюЙорк;
    by the name of John по имениДжон ~ prep указывает на объект действия;
    передается род. падежом: a creator of a new trend in art создатель нового направления в искусстве ~ prep указывает на объект избавления от;
    to cure of a disease (или illness) вылечить от болезни;
    to get rid of a cold избавиться от простуды ~ prep указывает на деятеля;
    передается род. падежом: the deeds of our heroes подвиги наших героев the devil ~ a worker не работник а просто дьявол;
    a beauty of a girl красавица ~ prep указывает на материал, из которого (что-л.) сделано из;
    a dress of silk платье из шелка;
    a wreath of flowers венок из цветов ~ prep указывает на количество единиц измерения в;
    a farm of 100 acres ферма площадью в 100 акров;
    a fortune of 1000 pounds состояние в 1000 фунтов ~ prep употребляется в неразложимых словосочетаниях с предшествующим определяющим существительным: a fool of a man глупый человек, просто дурень ~ prep указывает на количество единиц измерения в;
    a farm of 100 acres ферма площадью в 100 акров;
    a fortune of 1000 pounds состояние в 1000 фунтов ~ prep указывает на объект избавления от;
    to cure of a disease (или illness) вылечить от болезни;
    to get rid of a cold избавиться от простуды a girl ~ ten девочка лет десяти;
    a man of talent талантливый человек ~ prep указывает на содержимое (какого-л.) вместилища;
    передается род. падежом: a glass of milk стакан молока;
    a pail of water ведро воды ~ prep указывает на источник от, у;
    I learned it of him я узнал это от него;
    he asked it of me он спросил это у меня ~ prep указывает на происхождение из;
    he comes of a worker's family он из рабочей семьи he did it ~ necessity он сделал это по необходимости ~ prep указывает на причину от;
    изза;
    в результате, по причине;
    he died of pneumonia он умер от воспаления легких he ~ all men кто угодно, но не он;
    that he of all men should do it! меньше всего я ожидал этого от него! he reeks ~ tobacco от него разит табаком ~ prep указывает на выделение лица или предмета из множества аналогичных лиц или предметов: holy of holies святая святых ~ prep указывает на принадлежность;
    передается род. падежом: the house of my ancestors дом моих предков;
    articles of clothing предметы одежды ~ prep о, об, относительно;
    I have heard of it я слышал об этом;
    the news of the victory весть о победе ~ prep указывает на источник от, у;
    I learned it of him я узнал это от него;
    he asked it of me он спросил это у меня in search ~ a dictionary в поисках словаря;
    a lover of poetry любитель поэзии ~ prep it is nice ~ you это любезно с вашей стороны;
    it is clever of him to go there умно, что он туда поехал ~ prep указывает на объект лишения;
    передается род. падежом: the loss of power потеря власти in search ~ a dictionary в поисках словаря;
    a lover of poetry любитель поэзии ~ prep указывает на качество, свойство, возраст;
    передается род. падежом: a man of his word человек слова word: ~ обещание, слово;
    to give one's word обещать;
    a man of his word человек слова;
    upon my word! честное слово! a girl ~ ten девочка лет десяти;
    a man of talent талантливый человек some ~ us некоторые из нас;
    a member of congress член конгресса a mouse ~ a woman похожая на мышку женщина ~ prep о, об, относительно;
    I have heard of it я слышал об этом;
    the news of the victory весть о победе ~ prep указывает на время: of an evening вечером;
    of late недавно ~ prep it is nice ~ you это любезно с вашей стороны;
    it is clever of him to go there умно, что он туда поехал ~ prep указывает на время: of an evening вечером;
    of late недавно on application ~ при применении ~ prep указывает на содержимое (какого-л.) вместилища;
    передается род. падежом: a glass of milk стакан молока;
    a pail of water ведро воды ~ prep указывает на отношение части и целого;
    передается род. разделительным: a pound of sugar фунт сахару ~ prep указывает на вкус, запах и т. п.;
    передается тв. падежом: to smell of flowers пахнуть цветами some ~ us некоторые из нас;
    a member of congress член конгресса ~ prep указывает на направление, положение в пространстве, расстояние от;
    south of Moscow к югу от Москвы of prep в;
    to suspect of theft подозревать в воровстве;
    to accuse of a lie обвинять во лжи;
    to be guilty of bribery быть виновным во взяточничестве he ~ all men кто угодно, но не он;
    that he of all men should do it! меньше всего я ожидал этого от него! within 50 miles ~ London в 50 милях от Лондона ~ prep указывает на авторство;
    передается род. падежом: the works of Shakespeare произведения Шекспира ~ prep указывает на материал, из которого (что-л.) сделано из;
    a dress of silk платье из шелка;
    a wreath of flowers венок из цветов

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > of

  • 19 one

    wʌn
    1. числ. колич.
    1) один (число
    1) one book ≈ одна книга one million ≈ один миллион one half ≈ половина one third ≈ одна третья one pound ten ≈ один фунт и десять пенсов One from seven leaves six. ≈ От семи отнять один будет шесть.
    2) номер один, первый Chapter One ≈ Глава первая/Глава 1 ∙ one too manyслишком много one or twoнемного, несколько
    2. сущ.
    1) единица (цифра '1') the row of ones ≈ ряд единиц
    2) один, одиночка - one by one
    3) эллипс. а) один год( о возрасте) б) час( о моменте времени) в) первый размер( одежды) г) однодолларовая купюра
    4) употр. как слово-заместитель а) во избежание повторения ранее упомянутого существительного;
    б) в знач. 'человек' the great ones of the earth one for smth.at one all in one be made one for one
    3. прил.
    1) единственный, уникальный the one person she wanted to marry ≈ единственный человек, за которого она хотела выйти замуж Syn: only
    1., single
    1.
    2) определенный, единственный в своем роде one fine person ≈ один хороший человек Syn: certain
    1., particular
    1.
    3) одинаковый, такой же They are both of one species. ≈ Оба они относятся к одному и тому же виду. I am one with you on this. ≈ В этом вопросе я с тобой заодно. Syn: same I
    1.
    4) какой-то, некий, неопределенный I will see you again one day. ≈ Когда-нибудь однажды мы снова увидимся. Syn: some
    2.
    4. мест.;
    неопред.
    1) кто-то, некий, некто Some of them couldn't eat a thing. One couldn't even drink. ≈ Некоторые из них не могли ничего есть. Кто-то не мог даже пить. Syn: somebody
    1., a certain
    2) употр. в неопределенно-личных предложениях: Where does one go from there? ≈ Куда отсюда пойдешь? Shares can bring one quite a considerable additional income. ≈ Владение акциями может принести довольно значительный дополнительный доход. ∙ in the year one any one один (число) ;
    - * and two make three один плюс два - три единица (цифра) ;
    - write down two *s напишите две единицы один из;
    - * of the family член семьи;
    - * of the best skaters один из лучших конькобежцев раз (при счете) ;
    - *, two,three,... раз, два, три... один, одиночка;
    - by *s and twos по одному и по двое;
    - * at a desk по одному за партой;
    - goods that are sold in *s товары, продаваемые в розницу год (о возрасте) ;
    - the baby is * ребенку год час;
    - * o'clock час;
    - he will come at * он придет в час;
    - a train due at * twenty-five поезд, отправляющийся в час двадцать пять( философское) идея, сущность( эмоционально-усилительно) человек, примечательный в каком-л отношении;
    герой;
    мастер;
    - oh, you are a * telling that joke in front of the manager ну, ты даешь, так шутить в присутствии управляющего > * in a thousand один на тысячу, редкостный;
    > * too many слишком много;
    > to have * too many выпить лишнего, перебрать;
    лишний;
    > he was * too many он оказался лишним;
    > to be * too many for smb. превосходить кого-л в чем-л;
    быть для кого-л недостижимым;
    > the * about шутка, анекдот;
    > have you heard the * about the traveling salesman? вы знаете анектод о коммивояжере?;
    > but * предпоследний;
    > the topmost stair but * предпоследняя сверху ступенька;
    > all * все равно, все едино;
    безразлично;
    > as * как один, все вместе;
    > at * заодно;
    единодушно;
    > to give smb. a four penny * отшлепать, отлупить кого-л;
    > in the year * очень давно;
    при царе Горохе;
    > since the year * с незапамятных времен;
    > to go * better than smb. одно очко в чью-л пользу;
    > * up to smb. одно очко в чью-л пользу;
    > * they are trying to get * up on each ofter они стараются обогнать друг друга;
    > a right * losing the tickets again и как это тебя угораздило снова потерять билеты;
    > the Holy O., O. above Бог;
    > the Evil O. черт, дьявол;
    > * over the eight( военное) (жаргон) пьяный, подвыпивший один - no * man can do it в одиночку это никому не под силу;
    - no * reason will do ни одно соображение не может нас удовлетворить единственный;
    - * only единственный, уникальный;
    - there is * answer to it на это может быть только один ответ;
    - this is the * thing we can feel cartain about это единственное, в чем мы можем быть уверены;
    - that's the * thing I needed это единственное, что мне было нужно;
    - you're the * man I can trust вы единственный человек, которому я доверяю единый;
    одинаковый;
    - * and undivided единый и неделимый;
    - to have * opinion иметь единое мнение;
    - I am * with you я такого же мнения, что и вы;
    - all face * way все там будем целый, единый, неразлучный;
    - to be made * пожениться, сочетаться браком;
    - he is made * with nature он близок к природе;
    - we have been both * these two months эти два месяца мы были неразлучны тот же самый, этот же;
    - * and the same один и тот же;
    тот же самый одинаковый, неизменный;
    - to remain for ever * всегда оставаться самим собой какой-то, неопределенный;
    - * day last summer как-то прошлым летом;
    - * fane morning в одно прекрасное утро;
    - * day I shall do it когда-нибудь я это сделаю некий, некто;
    - * John Smit некто Джон Смит число один;
    - * page одна страница;
    - * apple одно яблоко один;
    (номер) первый;
    - number * номер первый;
    - chapter * первая глава;
    - Room * комната один - *-and-twenty, *-and-thirty двадцать один, тридцать один > number * сам;
    свой интерес, заботы;
    самое главное, самое важное, значительное, срочное;
    пописать, сходить "по-маленькому";
    > to look after number * не забывать о себе, заботиться о своих интересах;
    > he's always thinking of number * он всегда думает только о себе > * man no mam один в поле не воин в неопределенно-личных предложениях: - * must admit следует признать;
    - * has to do *'s best нужно делать все возможное;
    - * never khows what may happen никто не знает, что может случиться во избежание повторения: - laws and old *s новые законы и старые;
    - I've lost my umbrella and have to buy a new * я потерял зонтик, и теперь мне приходится покупать новый;
    - which kitten will you have? - The black * какого котенка вы возьмете? - Черного в сочетании с определенным артиклем или притяжательным местоимением и прилагательным;
    - the little *s дети;
    - the great *s of the earth великие мира сего;
    - the little *s and the great *s и малые, и большие;
    - my own * родной, дорогой в сочетании с any, some, every под соответствующими словами (усилительно) я, ваш покорный слуга;
    - * is rather busy just now я сейчас несколько занят;
    - * glad to have seen you очень рад был вас повидать (американизм) (разговорное) необычайно, невероятно;
    - I tell you, she was * wonderful girl поверьте мне, она была просто замечательная девушка в грам знач указательного мест: этот, тот - the * that is lying on the table тот, который лежит на столе;
    - not the * they expected не тот, которого ждали человек или предмет;
    - * with a beard человек с бородой;
    - he is not * to refuse он не такой человек, чтобы отказываться;
    - she said it in the voice of * who repeats a lesson она произнесла это тоном человека, повторяющего урок один, этот;
    - at * end of the street and at the ofter на одном конце улицы и на другом в сочетаниях: - * another друг друга;
    - they hit * another они поколотили друг друга;
    - to bay * another's goods покупать друг у друга;
    - * with another в среднем;
    (устаревшее) вместе;
    - * and another несколько;
    - * after another один за другим;
    - * or another кто-то;
    - * or other is sure to be sick in the bus в автобусе обязательно кого-то укачает;
    - the * and the other оба, один и другой;
    - the *..., the ofter... первый..., второй...;
    - * by *, * after * один за другим, друг за другом;
    по одному, поодиночке > * and all все до одного, все как один;
    все без исключения;
    > to thank * and all поблагодарить всех вас;
    > in * в одном лице;
    одновременно;
    > he is manager and secretary in * он и управляющий, и секретарь;
    > in * с одной попытки, сразу;
    > done it in *! удалось с первого захода!;
    > I for * что касается меня, я со своей стороны;
    > I for * don't believe it я, например, не верю в это;
    > * had like... она чуть не...;
    > I'm not usually * to compain, but... я вообще не из тех, кто жалуется, но... all in ~ все вместе;
    to be made one пожениться, повенчаться;
    I for one что касается меня the great ones of the earth великие мира сего;
    a one( for smth.) разг. энтузиаст( в каком-л.) деле;
    at one в согласии;
    заодно ~ неопределенный, какой-то;
    at one time I lived in Moscow одно время (прежде) я жил в Москве;
    one fine morning в одно прекрасное утро all in ~ все вместе;
    to be made one пожениться, повенчаться;
    I for one что касается меня ~ единый;
    to cry out with one voice единодушно воскликнуть;
    one and undivided единый и неделимый the great ones and the little ~s большие и малые;
    my little one дитя мое (в обращении) the great ones of the earth великие мира сего;
    a one (for smth.) разг. энтузиаст (в каком-л.) деле;
    at one в согласии;
    заодно ~ употр. как словозаместитель в знач. "человек": he is the one I mean он тот самый( человек), которого я имею в виду;
    the little ones дети ~ употр. как словозаместитель во избежание повторения ранее упомянутого существительного: I am through with this book, will you let me have another one? я кончил эту книгу, не дадите ли вы мне другую? all in ~ все вместе;
    to be made one пожениться, повенчаться;
    I for one что касается меня ~ pron indef. некто, некий, кто-то;
    I showed the ring to one Jones я показал кольцо некоему Джонсу;
    one came running кто-то вбежал if ~ wants a thing done ~ had best do it himself если хочешь, чтобы дело было сделано, сделай его сам ~ must observe the rules нужно соблюдать правила;
    in the year one очень давно;
    = при царе Горохе ~ один, одиночка;
    one by one поодиночке;
    they came by ones and twos приходили по одному и по двое;
    it is difficult to tell one from the other трудно отличить одного от другого the great ones and the little ~s большие и малые;
    my little one дитя мое (в обращении) no ~ никто one pron indef. употр. в неопределенно-личных предложениях: one never knows what may happen никогда не знаешь, что может случиться ~ единица, число один;
    write down two ones напишите две единицы ~ единственный;
    there is only one way to do it есть единственный способ это сделать ~ единый;
    to cry out with one voice единодушно воскликнуть;
    one and undivided единый и неделимый ~ употр. как словозаместитель в знач. "человек": he is the one I mean он тот самый (человек), которого я имею в виду;
    the little ones дети ~ употр. как словозаместитель во избежание повторения ранее упомянутого существительного: I am through with this book, will you let me have another one? я кончил эту книгу, не дадите ли вы мне другую? ~ pron indef. некто, некий, кто-то;
    I showed the ring to one Jones я показал кольцо некоему Джонсу;
    one came running кто-то вбежал ~ неопределенный, какой-то;
    at one time I lived in Moscow одно время (прежде) я жил в Москве;
    one fine morning в одно прекрасное утро ~ num. card. номер один, первый;
    Room one комната номер один;
    volume one первый том ~ один, одиночка;
    one by one поодиночке;
    they came by ones and twos приходили по одному и по двое;
    it is difficult to tell one from the other трудно отличить одного от другого ~ num. card. один;
    one hundred сто, сотня;
    one in a thousand один на тысячу;
    редкостный ~ одинаковый, такой же;
    to remain for ever one оставаться всегда самим собой the great ones of the earth великие мира сего;
    a one (for smth.) разг. энтузиаст (в каком-л.) деле;
    at one в согласии;
    заодно 'un: 'un разг. см. one ~ единый;
    to cry out with one voice единодушно воскликнуть;
    one and undivided единый и неделимый ~ один, одиночка;
    one by one поодиночке;
    they came by ones and twos приходили по одному и по двое;
    it is difficult to tell one from the other трудно отличить одного от другого ~ pron indef. некто, некий, кто-то;
    I showed the ring to one Jones я показал кольцо некоему Джонсу;
    one came running кто-то вбежал ~ неопределенный, какой-то;
    at one time I lived in Moscow одно время (прежде) я жил в Москве;
    one fine morning в одно прекрасное утро ~ num. card. один;
    one hundred сто, сотня;
    one in a thousand один на тысячу;
    редкостный ~ num. card. I'll meet you at ~ я встречу тебя в час;
    Pete will be one in a month Питу через месяц исполнится год;
    one too many слишком много;
    one or two немного, несколько ~ num. card. один;
    one hundred сто, сотня;
    one in a thousand один на тысячу;
    редкостный thousand: ~ тысяча;
    one in a thousand один на тысячу, исключительный ~ must observe the rules нужно соблюдать правила;
    in the year one очень давно;
    = при царе Горохе one pron indef. употр. в неопределенно-личных предложениях: one never knows what may happen никогда не знаешь, что может случиться ~ num. card. I'll meet you at ~ я встречу тебя в час;
    Pete will be one in a month Питу через месяц исполнится год;
    one too many слишком много;
    one or two немного, несколько ~ num. card. I'll meet you at ~ я встречу тебя в час;
    Pete will be one in a month Питу через месяц исполнится год;
    one too many слишком много;
    one or two немного, несколько ~ up (down) (to smb.) одно очко (один гол и т. п.) (в чью-л. (не в чью-л.) пользу) ~ num. card. I'll meet you at ~ я встречу тебя в час;
    Pete will be one in a month Питу через месяц исполнится год;
    one too many слишком много;
    one or two немного, несколько ~ одинаковый, такой же;
    to remain for ever one оставаться всегда самим собой ~ num. card. номер один, первый;
    Room one комната номер один;
    volume one первый том square ~ точка отсчета ~ единственный;
    there is only one way to do it есть единственный способ это сделать ~ один, одиночка;
    one by one поодиночке;
    they came by ones and twos приходили по одному и по двое;
    it is difficult to tell one from the other трудно отличить одного от другого ~ num. card. номер один, первый;
    Room one комната номер один;
    volume one первый том ~ употр. как словозаместитель во избежание повторения ранее упомянутого существительного: I am through with this book, will you let me have another one? я кончил эту книгу, не дадите ли вы мне другую? ~ единица, число один;
    write down two ones напишите две единицы

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > one

  • 20 one

    1. noun
    1) (the number or figure 1: One and one is two (1 + 1 = 2).) ena
    2) (the age of 1: Babies start to talk at one.) eno leto
    2. pronoun
    1) (a single person or thing: She's the one I like the best; I'll buy the red one.) ta, tisti
    2) (anyone; any person: One can see the city from here.) kdorkoli
    3. adjective
    1) (1 in number: one person; He took one book.) en
    2) (aged 1: The baby will be one tomorrow.) eno leto
    3) (of the same opinion etc: We are one in our love of freedom.) edin
    - oneself
    - one-night stand
    - one-off
    - one-parent family
    - one-sided
    - one-way
    - one-year-old
    4. adjective
    ((of a person, animal or thing) that is one year old.) enoleten
    - be one up on a person
    - be one up on
    - not be oneself
    - one and all
    - one another
    - one by one
    - one or two
    * * *
    I [wʌn]
    adjective
    eden, ena; edin, neki, enak, isti
    one or two — eden ali dva, par
    one at a time — posamič, ločeno
    the one way to do it — edini način, kako to storiti
    to be one too many for s.o.biti malo pretežko za koga
    to be made one — poročiti se, biti združen v zakonu
    to make one of — pripadati komu (čemu), biti del koga (česa);
    II [wʌn]
    pronoun
    1.
    nekdo, kdo, kdorkoli;
    2.
    eden, en (namesto zaimka ali samostalnika: the little ŋ malček, the picture is a realistic ŋ slika je realistična);
    3.
    nedoločni zaimek ( one knows ve se);
    razno: one who — nekdo, ki
    the one who — tisti, ki
    one so clever — nekdo, ki je tako pameten
    that's a good one! — dobro je!, ni slabo!
    figuratively one in the eye — nekaj, kar boš pomnil; polten udarec (ki ga boš pomnil), spominek
    to land s.o. one — pritisniti koga, udariti
    the Holy One, One abovebog
    the evil one — hudič, satan
    III [wʌn]
    noun
    poedinec, eden, ena
    the all and the one — celotnost in edinost, vsi in vsak zase
    all in one — skupaj, istočasno
    one by one — posamič, drug za drugim
    one... the other — eden... drugi
    you are a one!ti si res čudak!
    to be at one with s.o.strinjati se s kom
    to be one up on s.o.biti za malenkost pred kom
    number one — kar je odlično, prvovrstno; ego, jaz, osebna korist

    English-Slovenian dictionary > one

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